What Are the Essential Skills to Be Possessed by a Manager Essay Example

What Are the Essential Skills to Be Possessed by a Manager Essay Example What Are the Essential Skills to Be Possessed by a Manager Essay What Are the Essential Skills to Be Possessed by a Manager Essay What are the essential skills to be possessed by a manager? A:- In order to perform your role as a good manager, you need to possess and exhibit a range of skills to plan, control, organize, lead and take decisions of an organization. In this article I am giving a brief idea of those unique set of skills needed for a professional manager. Planning skills It’s often needed to define the future of an organization. Managers must be able to ensure that his company does exist in the future. Hence his planning skills include ability to Forecast future environment Think ahead Plot organizational objectivesChoose strategies to attain these objectives Reach their performance standards When an organization increases its complexity, it needs its managers to acquire skills as needed to fit the present needs of the system. Organizing skills Organizing process follows the planning process. Its skills can be broadly spelled as the ability to Analyze and describe various tasks Select, train a nd appoint people Define roles, authority and controls Change these working links whenever necessary and make these changes flexible It depends upon the managerial skills to achieve the best you can, with the limited resources available.Leading skills A leader must be able to know the values, personality, attitudes and perceptions of his subordinates. Value is an opinion or belief a person holds about something while personality is a sum up of personal traits of an individual. It’s determined by our physical constitution, beliefs and values he holds. Perception is how a person interprets something from what he see, smell or feel while attitude is a person’s behaviour to a particular event, situation or person. Though we can’t observe it directly, we can observe its consequences.Attitudes can be learned and have three aspects – cognitive, affective and behaviourial. manageskills2 Controlling skills It consists of actions and decisions which managers undert ake to ensure that outputs obtained are consistent with desired ones. Any difference between the actual and planned results must be corrected by management by taking appropriate actions. So, a management has a pre-determined standard according to which outputs are needed to be checked. manageskills1 Decision making skills They are related to planning process and pervade all other modules of managerial skills.A manager’s skills and effectiveness lies in making appropriate and timely decisions most suited to that particular situation. Sometimes repetitive or routine problems are involved which are to be verified periodically. So, at the end of all the above managerial skills, you may be able to know the overall skills of a manager. Also, there are different levels of managers – first level managers, having the direct contact with the employees, middle level managers to whom the first level managers report, comparatively less in number than first level managers and top le vel managers who are the overall decision makers of the company.Managerial skills at various levels These skills refer to the ability of managers at different managerial levels of the system hierarchy. Katz in 1974 categorized managerial skills into three types. Technical skill It’s the ability to work with resources in a particular area of expertise. For example, a lab assistant must know his subject well, to help the project students. An accountant should know everything about accounts and balance sheet and a surgeon should be well expert in surgery.In a small manufacturing organization, top boss should have a clear idea of technology skills. Very often, training programs can help employees to expertise in technical skills. Human skill It deals with the ability of a manager to work effectively among his group of members, interact well and take suitable decisions to lead them from front. Communication skill of a manager is very important. Also, to provide a better working at mosphere for his subordinates, a manager is needed to possess certain human skills and it can be developed without any formal training. Conceptual skillIt’s the ability to see organization as a whole and recognizing relationships or links of different modules within the system. Also, it identifies the impact of changes of one module affecting other modules, it may be one or two or a group. As a manager you need to view situations and determine the inter-related factors. Also, his ability to co-ordinate and integrate a variety of factors is very important. Top management skills No doubt, top management has to run the organization as a whole and hence they need some special, distinct management skills to control the whole organization.Most important of them include Building a strong and efficient team of people at the middle management level and should encourage his subordinates to learn some of his management skills as well. Need to monitor and review the functioning of an org anization at different time intervals and check if the outputs are matching the already set targets. Keep in touch and share ideas with planners, policy makers and intellectual and skilled people of the organization. To find competent human resources to fit their organization and encourage and appreciate them in the form of rewards if needed.Develop a distinct and special skill to make you different from others and prompt others to follow you. You can even guide your subordinates by sharing your experiences and piece of knowledge. Thus skills of a manager is essentially two ways – functional, which involves planning, organizing, leading, controlling and decision making and skills of managers involving technical, human and conceptual. Through this article, I have given a brief description of managerial skills needed for an organization.

Introduction to Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Introduction to Management - Essay Example in order to convey a less localized image in the face of its ever-increasing global influence, is one of the largest and most profitable private sector energy corporations in the world. Employing close to 100,000 people and daily serving millions of customers worldwide, BP handles energy at all levels, from exploration and production to refining and marketing to developing gas, power, and renewable sources. BP was originally founded in 1909 as the Anglo-Persian Oil Company by William Knox D’Arcy who was given a concession by the Shah of Iran to search for oil in the region. The company expanded slowly, with a few bumps along the road due to the changing political conditions. By 1954, it had formally adopted the title of The British Petroleum Company, and in the 1960s, it started to widen its horizons beyond the Middle East and explore hitherto untapped oil-rich areas, such as Alaska (USA) and the North Sea. Through development and acquisitions, BP has steadily increased its transnational dominance to attain its present towering position in the league of petrochemical giants. Management functioning is systematic and well organized. Different department heads report directly to the Managing Director. Each of the different department heads have their respective managerial and non-managerial staff working for them. Department heads are responsible for the functions assigned to their departments. Management philosophy and practice is conventional and standards are not very different from the norms prevalent in the organizations of the same structure. Managers and employees fulfill their duties & obligations and they try to live up to the expectations of the top managers. The attitude of the top managers is guiding and encouraging and the overall approach to management is somewhat team oriented with emphasis on world group collaboration. Though, there is inter-departmental communication present in the organization the tasks are defined for each department. Middle

I was about six years old when I first realised Mum and Dad were Essay

I was about six years old when I first realised Mum and Dad were fighting, Mullender et al (2002) What does current research and practice say about the effects - Essay Example The infant and young children grow at the laps of the foster mothers the so-called nannies experience the world in a different revelation. It is like feeding the baby with container milk instead of mother's breast, whatever is the reason. Studies showed that the role of the parents is more significant than first thought as we moved into the concept of primary caregiver. In a study published in Child Development May/June 2003, Volume 74, Number 3, Pages 801-821, Bruce J. Ellis, et al, found that presence of the natural father was the most significant factor in reducing rates of early sexual activity and rates of teenage pregnancy in girls. Covariate factors used included early conduct problems, maternal age at first childbirth, race, maternal education, father's occupational status, family living standards, family life stress, early mother-child interaction, measures of psychosocial adjustment and educational achievement, school qualifications, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, suicide attempts, violent offending, and conduct disorder. Therefore, we must agree that love massively matters in the formative growth of a normal child. If we cannot bestow this incredible value on them, they are bound to lead an abnormal life. In case of unexpected circumstances, there lies the role of social workers and state legislations to ensure a life worth to live. Why Love Matters of Sue Gerhardt stirs our emotional moral responsibilities for those who are involved in the care of children, from expecting mothers through to policy makers. Distilling the current science into easy-to-understand prose, Sue Gerhardt has provided a founding text for the future health of modern society. It explains that love is essential to brain development in the early years of life, particularly to the development of our social and emotional brain systems, and presents the startling discoveries that provide the answers to how our emotional lives work. The earliest relationship shapes the baby's nervo us system, with lasting consequences and our adult life has earlier influence since infancy stage. The development of the brain can affect future emotional well being, and goes on to look at specific early 'pathways' that can affect the way we respond to stress and lead to conditions such as anorexia, addiction, and anti-social behavior. Mother's love is therefore mysteriously magical while father's love involves the nurturing passion for the baby along with the other family members and happy surroundings. While focusing all the goodness of relationship we nevertheless come across domestic violence in a male dominance society. Domestic violence, men's abusive power and control over women in intimate relationships, is a widespread but still largely hidden problem. Rethinking Domestic Violence explodes the myths concerning its nature, causes, and explores how the responses of social workers and probation officers to the women, children and men involved need to be far better co-coordinated and more effective. Women experiencing violence and abuse actually are in need of social work setting but, to date, their needs have largely been ignored. Their unhappy relationship quite often breed ancillary problems bring devastation to ruin all sorts of peace. This book looks at men's violence

Approaches to the study of Religion

Approaches to the study of Religion We can say that there are different approaches that can be taken when studying religion. For the last four decades universities and schools have been acting in response to a constant , steady demand for courses upon the study of religion .The people who take these courses are usually involved in religion themselves ,many are involved a in religious communities or, wishing to know more and learn regarding the religious beliefs of others. Others have no clear vision upon their religious identity and are searching possible traditions, ready to meet their spiritual exploration .So they start looking for different approaches to their study ,bringing along different opinions and whatever the process and methodology is, will bring them information from which eventually they will find answers or give opinion. (Peter Connolly,pp1-2Approche to the Study of Religion,Biddles L.T.D.) The author will attempt to evaluate the strengths and weakness of two approaches to religion and try to compare the work of the two representations and their methodology .The first is Professor Ninian Smart as he wrote widely, regarding different topics in religions, with papers and articles appearing in a vast range of publication sand television worldwide developing his own vision and philosophy of human progress and spiritual evolution. The other is Sri Aurobindo who brought a change to the vision of evolution of life into the divinity of life, In his own words: Man is on a transitorily passage . He is not final. The stage from man to super being is the next which depends from the approach of the achievement on the evolution on earth. It is the logic of Natures process. The works of both Sri Aurobindo and Ninian Smart shows two drastic and completely different approaches to religion. The author as part of his degree course has studied these two vastly differing approaches. Ninian Smarts approach to religion is described in his academic literature as a completely new way to the thinking of religion. He illustrate the introduction of Phenomenology saying, a lot of opinions have been written about not only the physical interchange of races but;, also ethnical and cultural, and especially upon values, so what take place when religions and their tradition convene? Will the globalization lead to a kind of universal religion, as prediction might lead, or it will be turned in a lively variety of many different beliefs? Smart contemplated these question for many years investigating various religions in the world. He explains that such experience definitely will change positions on previous views regarding religious tradition. It may perhaps intensify your religious experience. It all depends on the person you are and the personal period of life you are going through.(Scott London ,the future of religion an Interview with Ninian Smart June 1999 issue ofThe Witne ssmagazine. ) We can confirm that the method of study that Smart used in his approach comprehend both external and internal analysis of religion, characterized by phenomenological perspectives.(James L.Cox,p.159.A guide to the Phenomenology of religion .key figure ,formative influence and subsequent debate. Continuum International publishing group .2006.)Of course the phenomenological approach employed by Smart can be interpreted as an attempt of taking into consideration the individual experience of religion a at the same time trying to separate from it. The method used was to compare the subjective experience with the intent of shaping the arrangement of religion itself from within the structure. This approach can be better understood in his ritual dimension involvement with worshipping, meditations, pilgrimages, sacrifices and healing activities .Of course doctrinal and philosophical dimension is to be taken in consideration without living behind the experimental and emotional dimension and the important ethical and legal dimension.(Ninian Smart,pp10-12,Dimension of the sacred an anatomy of the worlds beliefs ,Harper Collins Publisher 1196) We see from Smarts classifactory account The Experiential and Emotional Dimension The Narrative or Mythic Dimension The Doctrinal The Philosophical Dimension The Ethical and Legal Dimension The Social and Institutional Dimension The Material Dimension The Practical and ritual dimensions (BBC.Religion) Smarts perspective in sustaining a phenomenological perception to the methodology of approach to the study, is far different from the approach that Sri Aurobindo use. First of all we have to say that both, Smart and Aurobindo have not defined religion from objective point of view but rather to determine religion in terms of its own value. Both methods tried to avoid the phenomenological approach. Personal experience is crucial to any understanding of religion .On this particular account Aurobindo discovers the relation or union, he favours, what he identifies as spiritual psychology and integral methods, but for both he confirms that the objective is to be understood and interpreted in terms of subjective.( D P Chattopadhyaya p1integral sociology and dialectical sociology,Shri Jainedra press 1976) From its approach, we understand that Sri Aurobindo begins his work clearly within religious prospect, particularly his own relation with yoga, he explains; the practice is not for ourselves alone, but for the Divine; The intent is to find occupation of good in the world, to outcome a spiritual conversion and to bring down a divine nature and a divine life into the mental, vital and physical nature and life of humanity. Its object is not personal, although is a necessary condition of the yoga. So with Aurobindo is clear the goal is more directly mystical ,to became one with the divine .(Michael T.Mclaughlin,p96, Editrice Ponteficia Universita` Grecoriana Roma 2003)In many occasions he confirmed that he does not intend to promote any old religion or to find a new one and he strongly oppose religious particolarism. So he is proposing a mystical goal and from his yogic teachings he guides,shows and achieves that.(Stephen H.Phillips.p79,Aurobindo`s Philosophyof Brahman,E.J.Brill Leiden 1986) The strength of Smart can be seen that he does not wish to strip religion or faith down to one or two elements say belief in The Virgin Birth and the dogma of out with the church there is no salvation but his classificatory account makes it clear that it has many elements and strands. A criticism of his approach is that it is far to scientific and while starting from the experiential and emotional he soon slips back into trying to seek common themes within all religions Aurobindo did not just stick to an immanental experience of a divine being but that there must be transcendence within the individuals life which is seen in Auroville with a lived approach to ones faith rather like that which is common within Charismatic and Evangelical Churches. A criticism of Aurobindos view may be seen that it seeks to remain within religion itself, similar to that of Smart as they both emphasise the importance of the experience of religion, a personal contact with God or Gods, however within Marxism we can see a move away from this religious experience. Aurobindo offers no guidance upon other religions as his account is purely personal. So how would Aurobindo address questions upon doctrine say within the New Testament? These questions within Smarts Classifactory account would help to define a religion. For example different opinions regarding the Trinity between Roman Catholics and Jehovah Witnesses. Also we can see the beliefs, symbolim and teachings of Aurovil le fitting weel within the above detailed classifacations of Smarts dimensions of religion Can we truly compare two totally different views religion one very internal the other very visual? Is Sri Aurobindo truly internal when we have the community of Auroville and a culture around him? Can we categorize all religions within Ninian Smart definitions? We may conclude saying that maybe religions will never combine in to one global faith ,but we do think that the society is moving towards a global ideology that have a space for religion and identify the contributions of the diverse ethnicity and traditions and bring a new way in helping us to work together for the support of human values and spirituality. What may be the way forward in the teaching and definition of religion is to accept the singularity of each religion and each individuals faith and seek ways in which they can be accommodated within a safe international environment that moves away from empirical definitions.

My Long and Prosperous Journey as a Writer Essay

When I take a look back at my first semester here at Mount Ida College, I cannot help but wonder if my time has been well spent. Am I in the right place? If so, am I making the best of a great, and also expensive, learning experience? I still am unaware of the profession that I want to pursue in life after college, but am taking it step by step in hopes to find what I truly desire in life. Professor Cosmos has made me realize my love for English and my passion for writing. Through the assignments that she has given, I have figured out my strengths and weaknesses as a writer. First and foremost, people who can write are those who know how to view a topic and how to present a situation. And this is enough to show that they have eyes. My most excellent strength as a writer is writing about personal experiences or fond family memories. It is also my favorite part of writing. I can sit at a computer for hours on end, typing away, as my emotions effortlessly pour out of my mind, body and soul. When I write about something that I enjoy, I become more confident, independent and capable of producing clear, powerful essays with integrity. My personal goals during the course have been to strengthen my weaknesses as a writer. My weakness comes from lack of motivation. When I am required to write a lengthy paper on a subject that is boring or unimportant to me as a person, the writing process is often tedious and mind numbing. Professor Cosmos allowed us to cut through all of that by giving us articles with interesting subject matters and topics that we could actually relate to. She provided a fun learning experience for her students, something that all college professors don’t necessarily have to do. Another weakness of mine that I wanted greatly to strengthen was my inability, or lack there of, to free-write. During my high school days, if I ever needed help on a paper, my mom would sit at the computer and assist me. I won’t lie, she has done a paper or two for me in the past, but then again, who hasn’t had a parent of theirs write a paper? As I sat back and watched her work, I remember being amazed at how she could write an entire page in the course of a half-hour. She would say, â€Å"There, I did the best that I could do. Look more:  how to write a process essay Now read over it and fine-tune it if need be. † I really do think her style of writing has rubbed off on me in some way or another. Over the semester, I feel as though my writing has improved greatly. Every time I write a paper, I e-mail it to my brother, who graduated from college last year. I appreciate his experience and wisdom, and when I need advice, most times he is able to provide it for me. I have also learned to use a wider array of vocabulary ? nothing too fancy, though, as I feel it can suffocate a writing of yours if you abuse it. I have always been a good student. In high school, I got so many remarks from my peers as being â€Å"the most organized kid they have ever seen. † I would even get the occasional â€Å"overachiever† remark, but I knew I wasn’t. It only arose from the people who were lazy and often came to class unprepared. I never failed in completing an assignment. There were a lot of days that I would come home from school and sit on the computer for five hours straight, plugging away until all of my homework was done. One of my pet peeves is leaving projects unfinished; and a goal of mine was that with every paper I wrote, I would attempt to make it better. If you’ve seen the movie Coach Carter, one of Coach’s personal philosophies is â€Å"If you strive to be 1% better each day, in 100 days you will be 100% better. † When it comes to criticism, I am very appreciative. I am not the kind of person who takes offense to criticism in terms of my writing. I welcome other’s ideas with open arms. In fact, criticism is a big part of writing in a college student’s life. If you have a tutor or mentor, and you bring them a paper of yours, they’re bound to make some sort of correction. It’s how well you take it that determines your success. Most research papers that I write, I go through maybe two or three rough drafts before I finalize. I enjoy hearing other’s opinions as it not only helps me form my own opinion but strengthen it, as well. This semester, I have learned how to capitalize on my strengths and how to overcome my weaknesses as a writer. I have also learned that through perseverance, hard work and determination, you could achieve just about anything. It’s helpful to keep that in mind during tough times, especially when final examinations roll around. It helps to keep a positive attitude and it also brings about confidence, to which you’re able to produce clear, powerful essays with integrity. A reaction paper that I wrote for Professor Cosmos based off of the article, â€Å"No One’s a Mystery,† by Elizabeth Tallent, proved to be one of the best papers I have ever written. It earned me an ? A’ and a comment that said, â€Å"Very good response! The best in both sections of English 101. † Re-reading it, I love the way I interpreted things and the message that I got out of it: Life consists of very many choices that should be made through the right state of mind. Even though there is no one to look upon you all the time and guide you in the right direction, you should always be able to discover what is right from wrong.

Psychology Department of Indiana University

Brought up with an old fashioned nature, Skinner was a celebrated American psychologist. He was born to a family wherein he has a lawyer for a father and a rather intelligent and strong willed mother. He was born on the 20th of March in the year 1904. He was a very active child who loved school a lot. One of his interests was to build things outdoors. However, there were depressing instances in his childhood as well. One of these instances involved the death of his brother at the age of 16. B. F. Skinner was born in Pennsylvania, Susquehana.He was raised to be an American, but sources say he has a trace of English in his ancestral line. He studied in New York at the Hamilton College, and attained his degree in English. He participated in a lot of extra curricular activities in school. But what could be remembered about him in that academic instituion is to have been required to attend church every day as an Atheist. One of his dreams was to become a good writer, and he tried to achie ve that by sending copies of his stories and poetry. He tried to focus on building his craft, but in the end, he finally realized that writing would no be the career for him.With this in mind, he instead hesitated with his writing lifestyle and took his masters and doctorate degrees on pschology in Harvard. He led the Psychology Department of Indiana University as the chairperson in the year 1945. He was invited to be at Harvard, where he stayed until he passed. He achieved a lot of research and application about his theories and studiies. But one remained highly significant. When he failed to become the writer he hoped himself to be, he became the scholar that will forever be remembered for his contributions to the society and to the acedeme.He was considered as the most celebrated psychologist, after Freud. He remains to be remembered to today because his passing was not yet that long ago. With that said, the impact he had on the country was well remembered and creditted for. Some of his significant sttudies was on the theory of Operant Condition. As the basis of the theories that followed this one, his theory became of the most memorable theories. This theory involves how people are merely bouncing in their own world, doing what it was doing when he was seen.He also called this operating due to the nature that it involves reaction, brought about a certain stimulus. In other terms, a person does one thing and experiences consequences. The next time he experiences a similar stimulus, he would try to evade the consequences that follows it—either by rejecting the possibility or changing certain elements. This theory began the line of other theories established under his name and study. By this, he was made famous. A lot of people got curious about his discoveries, and these in turn, were shared to a lot of other people.His knowledge is perhaps his greatest asset, without it, he would not have been able to establish himself in the manner that his theories are well taken in academic institutions. His life was not only introduced to a wide array of possibilities when he began to study psychology, but he was able to establish his mark in the history of man. He began by dreaming of becoming a writer. However, in the end, he got himself into psychology, and discovered that this would be much preferable. Reference Boeree, C. G. (2006). B. F. Skinner. Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http://webspace. ship. edu/cgboer/skinner. html.

The Exterior Of The Rosicrucian Museum Essay - 1330 Words

The exterior of the Rosicrucian Museum was beautiful — the front of the building’s pillars were so brightly colored and pristine that it really did mimic the exterior of some kind of small palace; the garden and walkway located to the side of the building was also amazing and dense with foliage. It even had a small fountain with lionheads decorating it. And even though the entirety of the building’s floorplan was surprisingly small, it managed to contain a lot of condensed information, particularly about ancient Egyptian funeraries. Reading through the abundance of the museum’s information, it is evident that the funerary practices of ancient Egypt were so wholly intricate and persistently interwoven with many other aspects of ancient Egyptian life that it is incredibly easy to see that the concepts of magic and spirituality were so strongly valued during this time. The museum’s Set of Canopic Jars, which were cited to have been built during the New Kingdom out of calcite and pigment, are said to have been created solely to hold the internal organs of the deceased within them so that they would remain preserved for eternity. Quite honestly, these jars don’t look too different from modernized urns, though modernized urns certainly don’t keep hold over organs, and instead only contain ashes. Regardless of this, it’s easy to see where the inspiration for urns could have been pulled from, as both sets of funerary jars are spectacularly intricate and detailed and seem to beShow MoreRelatedA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesand he knew how to hide himself from all so that no one could see him although he was within it.† Those of you who are scholars in Rosicrucianism know that one of the things that was always said of Rosicrucians was that they were invisible. This was how Robert Fludd proved to people he wasn’t a Rosicrucian, he’d say â€Å"you’re looking at me so how could I be one?† So, he’s in the temple but he could not be seen within it. â€Å"It was he, Hermes Trismegistus, too, who, in the East of Egypt constructed a city